【干货】丰田汽车官方材料：产品设计制造流程

在为子孙后代开发技术的同时，开发人员正在努力创造新的模式，密切关注不断变化的环境和生活方式。为了创造理想的汽车，我们一直在追求理念、风格和设计的改进。我们对汽车开发的极度渴望是下一代汽车诞生的源泉。理想汽车的创造离不开优秀的开发团队，他们已经取得了以下成就：规划和设计技能，能够满足我们的客户；以及从车身设计到原型设计和评估的一系列过程，这是我们产品竞争力的支撑。为了为子孙后代创造新的出行方式，我们以毫不妥协的方式致力于理想汽车的研发。

While developing technologies for future generations,the development is working hard to create new models,keeping a close watch on ever-changing enviroments and lifestyles.To create ideal vehicles,we have been pursuing improvement in concept,style and design. Our insariable thirst for vehicle development serves as a source of the birth of next-generation vehicles. The creation of ideal vehicles cannot be accomplished without the excellent teamwork of the development that has attained the following achievements:skills in planning and design,capable of satisfying our customers;and the series of processes from body design to prototyping and evaluation,which serves as support for the competitiveness of our products.To create new means of mobility for future generations,we are engaged in research and development for our ideal vehicles in an uncompromising manner.

为了制造出高质量的汽车，需要高水平的生产准备。通过将以下内容应用于生产线，可以实现高质量、低成本的工人友好型生产线，用于高混合低批量制造：冲压模具，以实现设计部门创造的美学设计，装配夹具和焊接/喷漆机器人，以精确实现车身框架。开发随着车辆的发展而不断发展的生产线需要技术技能。综合考虑整车生产的所有流程，我们致力于设备规划和生产线组织以开发高效的生产线。

To create quality vehicles,high-level production preparation is required. A worker-friendly production line of high quality and low cost for high-mix low-volume manufacturing can be achieved by applying the following to the production line:press dies to realize aesthetic designs created by the design division,and assembly jigs and welding/painting robots to precisely realize body frames.Technological skills are needed to develop production lines that are constantly evolving along with the evolution of vehicles.Comprehensively considering all the processes for the production of well finished vehicles,we are devoted to equipment planning and production-line organization to develop efficient production lines.

在我们的三个生产基地，即Miyagi Ohira、Miyagi Taiwa和岩手工厂，车辆正在通过有效、工人友好的生产线进行安全生产，通过在每个生产过程中应用机器人和自动输送机，可以减轻工人的负担。

At our three production bases,the Miyagi Ohira,Miyagi Taiwa,Iwate Plants,vehicles are being manufactured safely with effective,worker-friendly production lines organized in such a way that the burden of workers can be reduced by applying robots and automatic conveyors at each production process.

建立以工人个人的智慧和经验为支撑的先进技能作为制造技术，不仅是生产现场，而且是开发和生产准备工作作为一个整体，通过利用工人的智慧和独创性来实施kaizen，以找到以合理成本熟练、快速生产高质量车辆的最佳方法。

To establish advanced skills backed by individual worker's wisdom and experience as manufacturing technology,not only the production sites but also the development and production preparation work as an integral whole,implementing kaizen by utilizing workers'wisdom and ingenuity to find the best way to produce quality vehicles skillfully and quickly at reasonable cost.

丰田卫星设计中心全球分布图Satellite Design Centers

丰田汽车造型开发设计流程：

好的设计不仅仅是实现一个单独的想法；这是一个可能从一块灵感开始的过程。但为了将其扩展为有形的东西，丰田将每一款汽车的提案都经过一系列五个重要且深思熟虑的过程，旨在将其转化为一款完整但外观仍然新颖的产品。

Good design is more than just the realisation of a solitary idea; it is a process that might begin with one nugget of inspiration. But in order for it to expand into something tangible, Toyota puts each vehicle proposal through a series of five important and very deliberate processes designed to transform it into a complete, yet still original-looking, product.

汽车设计过程始于收集基于发展目标和目标客户档案的思想和想法。总之，设计师们研究市场，探索哪些主题可以满足客户需求，同时密切关注新兴趋势。详尽的讨论接踵而至，直到设计者对他们已经确定了一个整体概念感到满意。

The car design process begins by collecting thoughts and ideas based around the development goal and target customer profile. To put this together, the designers research the market and explore what themes might meet customer needs while keeping a close eye on emerging trends. Exhaustive discussions follow until the designers are satisfied that they have settled upon an overall concept.

这个概念的最初表达可以在设计师的手绘草图中看到。在这个阶段，草图旨在提供设计目标及其未来发展潜力的广泛视觉感受。

The first expressions of this concept are seen in the freehand sketches of the designer. At this stage the sketches are intended to deliver a broad visual sense of the design goal and the potential for its future development.

虽然传统的铅笔、粉彩和记号笔经常在设计过程的早期阶段发挥作用，但计算机很快就成为最实用的绘图工具。它们使设计师能够在更短的时间内审视设计理念和更复杂的表达方式。

While traditional pencils, pastels and markers frequently play a role in the early stages of the design process, computers soon take over as the most practical drawing tools. They allow the designers to examine design ideas and more sophisticated expressions in a much shorter space of time.

然后，数字建模者的任务是在虚拟空间中将这些二维草图转化为三维形状。将设计师生动的想象转化为接近可构建现实的东西是一个极其困难的创作过程，尤其是当必须尊重原始想法的视觉吸引力和独特特征时。

Digital modellers are then tasked with turning these two-dimensional sketches into three-dimensional shapes in virtual space. To transform a designer’s vivid imagination into something approaching buildable reality is an incredibly difficult creative process, especially when the visual appeal and distinctive features of the original idea have to be respected.

颜色的分配赋予了个性，并在很大程度上影响了车辆的视觉特征。色彩协调是设计过程中的一个关键因素，因此丰田不遗余力地研究时尚和内饰设计趋势，以决定其新车的最佳调色板。

The assigning of colour gives individuality and does much to visually influence the perceived character of a vehicle. Colour coordination is a critical element in the design process, so Toyota goes to great lengths to research fashion and interior design trends to decide on the best colour palette for its new vehicles.

这一努力延伸到了内饰，它必须协调仪表板和方向盘、座椅织物、车顶内衬、地毯和其他配件中使用的各种颜色和材料。室内颜色从各种角度进行了仔细研究，以创造一种让所有五种感官都满意的印象。

This effort extends to the interior, which has to coordinate the wide range of colours and materials used in the instrument panel and steering wheel, seat fabric, headlining, carpet and other fittings. Interior colours are studied closely from a variety of perspectives in order to create an impression that pleases all five senses.

三维粘土模型的创建需要设计师的大量投入，才能完全理解数字渲染到物理质量中的形状和比例。在这方面，粘土建模师将“肉”放在迄今为止一直是虚拟车辆的东西上是一个艰苦的成型和雕刻过程。只是这个过程的频繁重复，才慢慢地提炼出最终的外在形式。

The creation of a three-dimensional clay model requires extensive input from the designer in order to fully understand the shapes and proportions of the digital rendering into a physical mass. In that respect, the clay modeller’s putting of ‘flesh’ onto what had until this point been a virtual vehicle is a painstaking process of moulding and carving. it is only the frequent repetition of this procedure that slowly refines the final external form.

其他方面的设计探索是通过尽可能接近实物的实物模型进行的。在室内，技艺高超的工匠使用木材、塑料、金属、织物和各种其他材料，打造出设计师概念的全尺寸模型。然后，设计师能够确定客舱的宽敞度、感觉和可达性，以及仪表和控制装置的视觉“友好性”。

Exploration of the design of other aspects is carried out through mock-ups that are as close as possible to the real object. With regards to the interior, highly skilled craftsmen use wood, plastics, metal, fabrics and a wide range of other materials to create a full-size model of the designer’s concept. The designer is then able to ascertain the spaciousness, feel and accessibility of the cabin, plus the visual ‘friendliness’ of the meters and operation of the controls.

到目前为止，新车的设计者和建模者只在人工环境中看到过它；现在需要一个更自然的、客户的角度。这是在决策大厅内提供的，这是一个带转盘和屋顶的大型顶层公寓，可以打开和关闭，以允许自然光涌入，并从任何方向观看车辆。

Up until this point, the new vehicle has only really been seen in artificial environments by its designers and modellers; now a more natural, customer angle is needed. This is supplied within the decision hall, a large penthouse room with a turntable and roof that opens and closes to allow natural light to flood in and the vehicle to be viewed from any direction.

该设施有特殊的照明设备，可以在雨天或夜间在接近自然光的条件下对每个车型进行检查，同时还可以使用大显示屏同时研究多辆车的设计。

The facility has special lighting that allows each model to be examined in conditions close to natural light on rainy days or at night, while large display screens can also be used to study the designs of a number of vehicles at the same time.

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